Stroke remains a major global health problem, accounting for substantial mortality, disability, and healthcare expenditures. Approximately 80–85% of all strokes are ischemic in origin and result from interruption of cerebral blood flow due to arterial occlusion. Early diagnosis is particularly important because modern reperfusion therapies are most effective when administered within a limited therapeutic window. Patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders have a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke and often present with subtle prodromal symptoms. Understanding the clinical features and implementing effective diagnostic strategies are crucial for improving survival and minimizing long-term neurological impairment.
The aim of the study was to assess the clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke in high-risk patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of modern diagnostic methods for early detection and timely management of acute cerebral ischemia.
The study included 120 patients aged 45–80 years admitted with suspected acute ischemic stroke. All participants had one or more established risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, or previous cardiovascular disease. Clinical neurological examination was performed upon admission using standardized stroke assessment scales. Diagnostic investigations included blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiography, laboratory evaluation, brain computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Doppler ultrasonography of cervical vessels, and echocardiography when indicated. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate associations between risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic findings.
The most common clinical manifestations observed among patients were sudden unilateral weakness, facial asymmetry, speech disturbances, sensory deficits, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Hypertension was identified as the most prevalent risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation. Brain CT enabled rapid exclusion of intracerebral hemorrhage, while MRI demonstrated higher sensitivity for detecting early ischemic lesions. Diffusion-weighted MRI identified acute cerebral infarction within the first hours after symptom onset. Patients diagnosed within the therapeutic window were more likely to receive timely reperfusion therapy and experienced better neurological recovery. The combined use of clinical assessment and advanced neuroimaging significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.
Early diagnosis of ischemic stroke in high-risk patients is critical for reducing morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. Recognition of characteristic neurological symptoms, assessment of vascular risk factors, and prompt application of neuroimaging techniques facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation. Comprehensive screening and preventive management of high-risk individuals may contribute to a reduction in stroke incidence and improve overall cerebrovascular health.
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