Endometriosis affects millions of women worldwide and represents a significant medical and social problem due to chronic pain, reproductive dysfunction, and psychological stress. The disease is associated with ectopic implantation of endometrial tissue, leading to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, adhesions, and ovarian dysfunction. Clinical manifestations vary considerably, often resulting in delayed diagnosis for several years after symptom onset. Modern diagnostic tools such as transvaginal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and laparoscopic evaluation have improved disease detection. At the same time, advances in hormonal therapy and minimally invasive surgical techniques provide more effective and fertility-preserving treatment options. Studying modern approaches to diagnosis and management remains essential for improving reproductive health and quality of life in affected women.
The aim of the study was to evaluate modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for endometriosis in reproductive-age women and to assess their effectiveness in symptom control, fertility preservation, and reduction of disease recurrence.
The study included 95 women aged 20–42 years diagnosed with endometriosis based on clinical symptoms, imaging findings, and laparoscopic confirmation. Comprehensive gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory investigations were performed. Patients were categorized according to disease stage and localization. Therapeutic approaches included hormonal treatment with combined oral contraceptives, progestins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Clinical outcomes were evaluated through pain assessment scales, fertility outcomes, recurrence monitoring, and quality-of-life questionnaires during follow-up observation. Statistical analysis was used to compare the effectiveness of different treatment modalities.
The study demonstrated that early application of advanced imaging techniques improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced delays in disease identification. Transvaginal ultrasonography effectively detected ovarian endometriomas, while magnetic resonance imaging provided superior visualization of deep infiltrating lesions. Hormonal therapy significantly reduced pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea in most patients, particularly in early-stage disease. Laparoscopic surgery demonstrated high effectiveness in removing endometriotic lesions, restoring pelvic anatomy, and improving fertility outcomes. Combined medical and surgical management resulted in lower recurrence rates and greater improvement in quality of life compared to isolated treatment approaches. Women receiving individualized treatment strategies showed better reproductive outcomes and symptom control during long-term follow-up.
Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis significantly improve disease detection, symptom management, and reproductive outcomes in women of reproductive age. Integration of advanced imaging methods, minimally invasive surgery, and personalized hormonal therapy allows more effective control of disease progression and reduction of recurrence risk. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management remain key factors in improving quality of life and preserving fertility in patients with endometriosis.
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